What does SAML stand for?

SAML stands for Security Assertion Markup Language, which is an open standard that facilitates single sign-on (SSO) by allowing identity providers and service providers to communicate and share authentication and authorization data about users. SAML enables users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple applications and services without needing to log in again, enhancing user experience and security.

This standard primarily uses XML-based messages to communicate between the identity provider (IdP) and the service provider (SP), containing assertions about a user's identity and entitlements. By leveraging SAML, organizations can streamline access management, reduce password fatigue, and improve overall security posture.

The other options do not reflect the purpose and framework of SAML. The first option mistakenly emphasizes access rather than security; the third suggests a focus solely on authentication rather than an assertion of security claims; and the fourth introduces a term, "service assertion," that does not align with the established definition and function of SAML. Thus, the focus on security in the correct answer accurately conveys the intent of SAML and its role in secure communications between identity and service providers.